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	BASTA VELENI Sciopero della fame e presidio contro i neonicotinoidi --------------------> clicca per aprire la sezione dedicata <-------------------- "If you think you are too small to make a difference, try sleeping with a mosquito"     H.H. the Dalai Lama

 

L'erbicida a base di Glifosate
(tipo il  Roundup della Monsanto)
incrementa i danni da FUSARIUM nel grano!

Lo riporta la National Farmers Union (Canada) pubblicando una ricerca scientifica condotta per quattro anni.
"Ora abbiamo una ricerca scientifica che dimostra una inequivocabile correlazione tra l'uso di formulati a base di glifosate (come il Roundup della Monsanto) e l'aumento dei danni da fusarium nel grano", dice il Presidente della NFU Steward Wells. "Questa è la prima volta che scienziati hanno posto attenzione al ruolo che le formulazioni a base di glifosate possono giocare nell'incremento dei livelli di fusarium nel grano, e le prove sono schiaccianti."

NEW EVIDENCE PRESENTED: GLYPHOSATE HERBICIDE USE INCREASES FUSARIUM DAMAGE IN WHEAT

“We now have scientific research that shows an unequivocal correlation between the use of glyphosate formulations (like Monsanto's Roundup) and increased fusarium disease in wheat", said NFU President Stewart Wells. "This is the first time scientists have looked at the role that glyphosate formulations might play in increasing fusarium levels in wheat, and the results are overwhelming."
Wells was commenting after attending yesterday’s Manitoba Agronomists Conference where Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada scientist Dr. Myriam Fernandez presented the results of her research. Fernandez and colleagues collected samples from 648 Saskatchewan wheat fields over four years. The samples were indexed for both the incidence and severity of fusarium. The results showed a direct correlation between applications of glyphosate and fusarium incidence and severity. In the four-year study, glyphosate herbicides increased the fusarium levels in wheat in all four years, even the two dry years in the study.

"This new research is immensely significant for farmers in Ontario, Manitoba, and all across Canada. While the samples were collected in Saskatchewan fields, glyphosate herbicides are widely used across Canada,” said Wells. This new study on wheat crops will add to a wealth of literature on the subject of glyphosate formulations creating extra disease pressure on other plants, such as soybeans.
“This year, the NFU has already written two letters to the Canadian Food Inspection Agency on the subject of fusarium and formulations of glyphosate, and we will be writing again in light of this new information,” said Wells.
“The NFU will be asking the CFIA to reject Monsanto's application for its genetically-modified (GM) Roundup Ready wheat on the basis of the information that glyphosate herbicides increase fusarium disease in wheat. Roundup Ready wheat forces farmers to use more glyphosate herbicides in their cropping practises,” said Wells.
Wells concluded: “In light of this new evidence, one of two things has to happen: either CFIA must reject Monsanto’s application or Monsanto must beat them to it and voluntarily withdraw its application. Once this application is rejected, or Monsanto withdraws, the NFU will push for a complete overhaul of the way GM crops are evaluated and approved. 
Our work on GM dairy hormones in the 1990s, on GM flax, and on GM wheat over the past five years has shown us that Canada’s approval process is deeply flawed. GM wheat raises clear threats of market loss, increased agronomic costs, and, now, increased disease losses.
And our approval system has revealed itself to be ill-equipped to deal with these problems.”

For More Information:
Stewart Wells, NFU President: (306) 773-6852
Darrin Qualman, Executive Secretary: (306) 652-9465
http://www.nfu.ca/Releases/fusarium_THREE.rel.pdf

Identification of crop production factors associated with the development of Fusarium head blight in spring wheat in southeast Saskatchewan

M.R. Fernandez, F. Selles, D. Gehl, R.M. DePauw, and R.P. Zentner.
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (MRF, FS, RMD, RPZ) 
P.O. Box 1030, Swift Current SK, S9H 3X2; and (DG) P.O. Box 760, Indian Head SK, S0G 2K0

Because of the increasing significance of Fusarium head blight (FHB) in western Canada, identification of crop production factors (CPF) associated with the development of this disease would help to devise a strategy for its control. 
From 1999 to 2002, 648 wheat fields were sampled in southeastern SK. Environment was the most important factor determining disease development. The effects of the various CPFs on FHB were lower in years with high (2001) and low (1999 and 2002) disease pressure, compared to a year with moderate (2000) disease pressure for this region. The CPFs that affected FHB the most were application of a glyphosate formulation (GF), tillage practice, crop rotation, and cultivar susceptibility. GF application in the previous 18 months was significantly associated with higher FHB levels every year; it was the only CPF in 1999, and one of only two CPFs in 2002, that affected FHB, indicating that its effect was not influenced by environmental conditions as much as other CPFs. The relative effect of the other CPFs on FHB varied from year to year, and were significant in only one or two years. When wheat grown under minimum-till was analysed separately, GF application displayed an even greater effect on FHB. It is not known if similar effects of GF on FHB would occur in environments different from the ones encountered in this study, or more conducive to FHB development. Based on the significant and consistent effect of previous GF application on FHB throughout the four years, further research to elucidate the underlying mechanisms is warranted...

Fusarium diseases of wheat - Fusarium Ear Blight
There are five major species of Fusarium responsible for fusarium ear blight (FEB) on wheat in the UK: Fusarium avenaceum (Gibberella avenacea), Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium graminearum (Gibberella zeae), Fusarium poae and Microdochium nivale (Monographella nivalis formerly Fusarium nivale). Each species is capable of infecting a crop on an individual basis or as part of a complex of species.

Incidence of Mycotoxins 
In 1998 the national winter wheat disease survey carried out at CSL indicated the highest incidence of FEB since our records started in 1986. A DEFRA/HGCA funded project (HGCA project report No. 207) was carried out to investigate the epidemic.
Farms included in the survey were selected from the winter wheat disease survey where disease levels were assessed at greater than 30% of plants infected. Grain collected from each farm was analysed for FEB pathogens and trichothecene mycotoxins present.
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by some of the FEB pathogens in the UK. It is thought that in some cases the role of the toxin may be to aid infection of the plant by the pathogen. Mycotoxins are of concern due to their potentially harmful effect to both humans and animals.
Mycotoxins produced by FEB pathogens in the UK include:
   Fusarium species,       Main,      mycotoxins produced 
- culmorum Deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, zearalenone 
- graminearum Deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, zearalenone 
- avenaceum Enniatins 
- poae HT-2 and T-2 toxins, diacetoxyscirpenol, nivalenol 
- nivale None confirmed 
The European Commission is currently evaluating the risk posed by a number of trichothecenes toxins produced by Fusarium species. These include deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin and zearalenone. Maximum limits in foodstuffs will be introduced shortly.
Trichothecene mycotoxins detected during the 1998 FEB survey
Analysis of grain samples for trichothecene mycotoxins was carried out using GC/MS.
All but one of the samples examined contained one or more trichothecenes. 
The most common mycotoxins encountered were deoxynivalenol, nivalenol and HT2-toxin found in 96.2%, 84.9% and 37.7% of the samples respectively. 
Although trichothecene contamination of the grain samples was widespread, the levels encountered were generally low. 
The predominant species responsible for the 1998 FEB outbreak was M. nivale, a non-toxin producer. It is the predominance of this species that accounts for the generally low toxin levels encountered during the survey.